This study examines how removing synthetic dyes from the food supply impacts the nutritional quality of grocery purchases among families with children, focusing on the 7 dyes targeted by FDA for phase-out by the end of 2026 (some of which are required (i.e., red dye #3), while the removal of others are voluntary). Aim 1 will use 2022–2024 sales and survey data from supermarket shoppers with children to quantify how often participants purchase products with more than one synthetic dye, which dyes are most common, and total dollars spent and servings purchased. Data will be examined overall as well as broken down by food group and by household poverty level. This aim will also compare the nutritional quality of products with vs. without dyes. Aim 2 will use longitudinal nutrition data (2016–2024) from two U.S. supermarket chains to estimate changes in nutritional quality after products remove synthetic dyes, compared with similar products that never contained dyes, using a difference-in-differences approach.
Start Date: November 2025
ID #: 383003369
Organization: Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Inc.
Project Lead: Joshua Petimar, ScD
Age Group: Adults and Families
Race/Ethnicity: African American or Black, American Indian, Asian, Latino(a) or Hispanic, Multi-racial/ethnic, Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, White
Resource Type: Commissioned Research Project Summary
Focus Areas: Food Access, Food Retail
Keywords: Food formulation, Law/policy, Supermarket
State: National
Related Research
April 2026
Policy Priorities and Research Needs for Advancing Healthy Eating: A 2026-2027 Research Agenda for U.S. Children and Adolescents
Given recent changes to nutrition policies and programs and the food environment landscape, the need for new evidence on how these changes impact nutrition, health, and food access is greater than ever. HER has also published a research agenda intended to provide a blueprint for immediate (i.e., 12-18 month) research needs to inform strategies to MoreNovember 2025
Measuring the impact of charitable food program cuts on the nutritional quality of foods
This study examines how sudden cuts to USDA programs supporting the charitable food system (i.e., The Emergency Food Assistance Program (TEFAP) and the Local Food Purchase Assistance Cooperative Agreement (LFPA)) affect the supply of healthy food available for distribution by food banks. Existing data from 15 food banks will be analyzed, and additional data will MoreSeptember 2025