This study examines how removing synthetic dyes from the food supply impacts the nutritional quality of grocery purchases among families with children, focusing on the 7 dyes targeted by FDA for phase-out by the end of 2026 (some of which are required (i.e., red dye #3), while the removal of others are voluntary). Aim 1 will use 2022–2024 sales and survey data from supermarket shoppers with children to quantify how often participants purchase products with more than one synthetic dye, which dyes are most common, and total dollars spent and servings purchased. Data will be examined overall as well as broken down by food group and by household poverty level. This aim will also compare the nutritional quality of products with vs. without dyes. Aim 2 will use longitudinal nutrition data (2016–2024) from two U.S. supermarket chains to estimate changes in nutritional quality after products remove synthetic dyes, compared with similar products that never contained dyes, using a difference-in-differences approach.
Start Date: November 2025
ID #: 383003369
Organization: Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Inc.
Project Lead: Joshua Petimar, ScD
Age Group: Adults and Families
Race/Ethnicity: African American or Black, American Indian, Asian, Latino(a) or Hispanic, Multi-racial/ethnic, Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, White
Resource Type: Commissioned Research Project Summary
Focus Areas: Food Access, Food Retail
Keywords: Food formulation, Law/policy, Supermarket
State: National
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