Published: October 2021

Publisher: Healthy Eating Research

Authors: Cohen J, Hecht A, Schwartz M

See more related research

Share


The aim of this research brief is to highlight and summarize the evidence of promising, low-maintenance, and low-cost strategies that can be implemented by school districts to increase the consumption of healthy school meals. All of these strategies have been associated with meaningful improvements in meal consumption and require minimal funding and technical support, making them realistic for schools to implement. The information in this brief is drawn from “Strategies to Improve School Meal Consumption: A Systematic Review,” published in Nutrients. The review examined publications from the start of the literature to May 2021 on modifiable factors associated with school meal consumption. The approaches examined in this body of research include changes at the school meal level (choices, food preparation, and taste tests); cafeteria environment level (choice architecture, nutrition education, school lunch duration, and recess before lunch); and policy level (local, state, and federal policies). The findings from this brief can be used to inform the development of policies and practices that support healthy eating environments in schools.

Check out the accompanying infographic from the UConn Rudd Center

Related Research

December 2025

From Policy to Plate: Implications of 2025 U.S. Federal Policy Changes on School Meals

School meals are a cornerstone of the United States’ nutrition safety net for children from low-income families, providing nearly 30 million lunches daily. However, recent U.S. policy actions may limit access to school meals for children who need them most. This commentary, published in the Nutrients Special Issue The Influence of School Meals on Children More

December 2025

Ultra-Processed Foods in School Meals: Challenges and Opportunities

Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) are ubiquitous in the U.S. food supply, while growing evidence shows that UPFs harm children’s health. Schools offer a promising setting to introduce UPF regulation and reduce the availability of UPFs. This brief explores the issue of UPFs in school meals and identifies opportunities and challenges to replace UPFs with more fresh More

August 2025

Universal Free School Meal Policies and Participation in the US National School Meal Programs

This study aimed to examine the impact of federal- and state-level Universal Free School Meal (UFSM) policies and related policies on National School Lunch Program (NSLP) and School Breakfast Program (SBP) participation rates during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This comparative effectiveness research study used a natural experiment created by the COVID-19 pandemic to analyze More